Rebuilding an index drops and re-creates the index. For partitioned indexes built on a partition scheme, you can use either of these methods on a complete index or a single partition of an index. You can remedy index fragmentation by reorganizing or rebuilding an index. Heavily fragmented indexes can degrade query performance and cause your application to respond slowly. Fragmentation exists when indexes have pages in which the logical ordering, based on the key value, does not match the physical ordering inside the data file. Over time these modifications can cause the information in the index to become scattered in the database (fragmented). The SQL Server Database Engine automatically maintains indexes whenever insert, update, or delete operations are made to the underlying data. This topic describes how to reorganize or rebuild a fragmented index in SQL Server 2017 by using SQL Server Management Studio or Transact-SQL. Reorganize and Rebuild Indexes in the Database
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